An artificial process which perform some of the functions of a normal kidney when the child’s’ own kidneys are absent or not working properly.

• Exchanging fluids through a catheter placed into the abdomen performs peritoneal dialysis. This form of dialysis can be performed at home.
• Hemodialysis requires a machine and a catheter placed into a large vein close to the heart or by a large shunt placed surgically. It occurs intermittently (e.g. 3-times a week) for approximately 2-4 hours each.
• CVVHD (continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration and CAVHD (continuous arterio-venous hemodiafiltration) are forms of dialysis used in an ICU/OR and require large catheters placed into arteries and/or veins that then allow blood to be filtered outside the body through an "artificial kidney. " This is continuously running and requires cooperative or sedated patients.